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A number is said to be simply normal to base b if its base-b expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to b^(-1). A normal number is an irrational ...

The Theodorus spiral, also known as the Einstein spiral, Pythagorean spiral, square root spiral, or--to contrast it with certain continuous analogs--the discrete spiral of ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates for which several different notations are commonly used. In this work (u,v,phi) is used, whereas Arfken (1970) uses (xi,eta,phi) and Moon ...

Let B_n(r) be the n-dimensional closed ball of radius r>1 centered at the origin. A function which is defined on B(r) is called an extension to B(r) of a function f defined ...

Given a real number q>1, the series x=sum_(n=0)^inftya_nq^(-n) is called the q-expansion, or beta-expansion (Parry 1957), of the positive real number x if, for all n>=0, ...

The golden ratio has decimal expansion phi=1.618033988749894848... (OEIS A001622). It can be computed to 10^(10) digits of precision in 24 CPU-minutes on modern hardware and ...

There are two related conjectures, each called the twin prime conjecture. The first version states that there are an infinite number of pairs of twin primes (Guy 1994, p. ...

Expanding the Riemann zeta function about z=1 gives zeta(z)=1/(z-1)+sum_(n=0)^infty((-1)^n)/(n!)gamma_n(z-1)^n (1) (Havil 2003, p. 118), where the constants ...

The Dottie number is the name given by Kaplan (2007) to the unique real root of cosx=x (namely, the unique real fixed point of the cosine function), which is 0.739085... ...

An ordinary differential equation of the form y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. (1) Such an equation has singularities for finite x=x_0 under the following conditions: (a) If either ...