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The computational paradigm is a term introduced by Wolfram (2002, 2021) to describe the idea of using simple programs rather than mathematical equations (the latter of which ...

An infinite sequence of circles such that every four consecutive circles are mutually tangent, and the circles' radii ..., R_(-n), ..., R_(-1), R_0, R_1, R_2, R_3, R_4, ..., ...

Given a set of linear equations {a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1; a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2; a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3, (1) consider the determinant D=|a_1 b_1 c_1; a_2 b_2 c_2; a_3 b_3 c_3|. (2) Now ...

A 15_3 configuration of 15 lines and 15 points, with three lines through three points, three points on every line, and containing no triangles. It is illustrated above in two ...

Given two crossed ladders resting against two buildings, what is the distance between the buildings? Let the height at which they cross be h and the lengths of the ladders ...

Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

A labeling phi of (the vertices) of a graph G with positive integers taken from the set {1,2,...,r} is said to be r-distinguishing if no graph automorphism of G preserves all ...

The dual vector space to a real vector space V is the vector space of linear functions f:V->R, denoted V^*. In the dual of a complex vector space, the linear functions take ...

A family of functors H_n(·) from the category of pairs of topological spaces and continuous maps, to the category of Abelian groups and group homomorphisms satisfies the ...

The elastica formed by bent rods and considered in physics can be generalized to curves in a Riemannian manifold which are a critical point for ...