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A generalization of the Gaussian sum. For p and q of opposite parity (i.e., one is even and the other is odd), Schaar's identity states ...

The transformation T(x) = frac(1/x) (1) = 1/x-|_1/x_|, (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part of x and |_x_| is the floor function, that takes a continued fraction ...

The curlicue fractal is a figure obtained by the following procedure. Let s be an irrational number. Begin with a line segment of unit length, which makes an angle phi_0=0 to ...

If a is an arbitrary integer relatively prime to n and g is a primitive root of n, then there exists among the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., phi(n)-1, where phi(n) is the totient ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...

The arithmetic mean of a set of values is the quantity commonly called "the" mean or the average. Given a set of samples {x_i}, the arithmetic mean is x^_=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nx_i. ...

In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

The Chebyshev integral is given by intx^p(1-x)^qdx=B(x;1+p,1+q), where B(x;a,b) is an incomplete beta function.

An equation is a mathematical expression stating that two or more quantities are the same as one another, also called an equality, formula, or identity.

An entire function f is said to be of finite order if there exist numbers a,r>0 such that |f(z)|<=exp(|z|^a) for all |z|>r. The infimum of all numbers a for which this ...