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A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...

Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations, twistings, and stretchings of objects. Tearing, however, is not allowed. A ...

A puzzle involving disentangling a set of rings from a looped double rod, originally used by French peasants to lock chests (Steinhaus 1999). The word "baguenaudier" means ...

The Beatty sequence is a spectrum sequence with an irrational base. In other words, the Beatty sequence corresponding to an irrational number theta is given by |_theta_|, ...

The Borromean rings, also called the Borromean links (Livingston 1993, p. 10) are three mutually interlocked rings (left figure), named after the Italian Renaissance family ...

An official chessboard is an 8×8 board containing squares alternating in color between olive green and buff (where "buff" is a color variously defined as a moderate orange ...

Given a unit disk, find the smallest radius r(n) required for n equal disks to completely cover the unit disk. The first few such values are r(1) = 1 (1) r(2) = 1 (2) r(3) = ...

Let N^* be the smallest dimension n of a hypercube such that if the lines joining all pairs of corners are two-colored for any n>=N^*, a complete graph K_4 of one color with ...

An illusion is an object or drawing which appears to have properties which are physically impossible, deceptive, or counterintuitive. Kitaoka maintains a web page of ...

A regularly spaced array of points in a square array, i.e., points with coordinates (m,n,...), where m, n, ... are integers. Such an array is often called a grid or mesh, and ...