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Differential evolution is a stochastic parallel direct search evolution strategy optimization method that is fairly fast and reasonably robust. Differential evolution is ...

The notion of a Hilbert C^*-module is a generalization of the notion of a Hilbert space. The first use of such objects was made by Kaplansky (1953). The research on Hilbert ...

Noncommutative topology is a recent program having important and deep applications in several branches of mathematics and mathematical physics. Because every commutative ...

A polygonal number of the form n(3n-1)/2. The first few are 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, ... (OEIS A000326). The generating function for the pentagonal numbers is ...

A system in which words (expressions) of a formal language can be transformed according to a finite set of rewrite rules is called a reduction system. While reduction systems ...

A number which is simultaneously square and triangular. Let T_n denote the nth triangular number and S_m the mth square number, then a number which is both triangular and ...

Wavelets are a class of a functions used to localize a given function in both space and scaling. A family of wavelets can be constructed from a function psi(x), sometimes ...

Five or six Wolf prizes are awarded yearly to outstanding living scientists and artists for achievements in the interest of mankind and friendly relations among peoples. In ...

The symmetry operation (x,y,z)->(x,y,-z), etc., which is equivalent to 2^_, where the bar denotes an improper rotation.

A group of five elements.