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A system of curvilinear coordinates for which several different notations are commonly used. In this work (u,v,phi) is used, whereas Arfken (1970) uses (xi,eta,phi) and Moon ...

Toroidal functions are a class of functions also called ring functions that appear in systems having toroidal symmetry. Toroidal functions can be expressed in terms of the ...

A tree to whose nodes and/or edges labels (usually number) are assigned. The word "weight" also has a more specific meaning when applied to trees, namely the weight of a tree ...

A sequence of uncorrelated numbers alpha_n developed by Wiener (1926-1927). The numbers are constructed by beginning with {1,-1}, (1) then forming the outer product with ...

Let f be a real-valued, continuous, and strictly increasing function on [0,c] with c>0. If f(0)=0, a in [0,c], and b in [0,f(c)], then int_0^af(x)dx+int_0^bf^(-1)(x)dx>=ab, ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...

From the point of view of coordinate charts, the notion of tangent space is quite simple. The tangent space consists of all directions, or velocities, a particle can take. In ...

The Seidel-Entringer-Arnold triangle is the number triangle consisting of the Entringer numbers E_(n,k) arranged in "ox-plowing" order, ...

A catenary of revolution. The catenoid and plane are the only surfaces of revolution which are also minimal surfaces. The catenoid can be given by the parametric equations x ...

An official chessboard is an 8×8 board containing squares alternating in color between olive green and buff (where "buff" is a color variously defined as a moderate orange ...