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The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

A maximum clique of a graph G is a clique (i.e., complete subgraph) of maximum possible size for G. Note that some authors refer to maximum cliques simply as "cliques." The ...

An independent edge set, also called a matching, of a graph G is a subset of the edges such that no two edges in the subset share a vertex in G. A maximum independent edge ...

The mean deviation (also called the mean absolute deviation) is the mean of the absolute deviations of a set of data about the data's mean. For a sample size N, the mean ...

The terms "measure," "measurable," etc. have very precise technical definitions (usually involving sigma-algebras) that can make them appear difficult to understand. However, ...

The Meijer G-function is a very general function which reduces to simpler special functions in many common cases. The Meijer G-function is defined by (1) where Gamma(s) is ...

The Meredith graph is a quartic nonhamiltonian graph on 70 nodes and 140 edges that is a counterexample to the conjecture that every 4-regular 4-connected graph is ...

Consider the Euler product zeta(s)=product_(k=1)^infty1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (1) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function and p_k is the kth prime. zeta(1)=infty, but taking the ...

The conjugate gradient method can be viewed as a special variant of the Lanczos method for positive definite symmetric systems. The minimal residual method (MINRES) and ...

De Grey (2018) found the first examples of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number 5, thus demonstrating that the solution to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem (i.e., the ...