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The term endomorphism derives from the Greek adverb endon ("inside") and morphosis ("to form" or "to shape"). In algebra, an endomorphism of a group, module, ring, vector ...

Consider h_+(d) proper equivalence classes of forms with discriminant d equal to the field discriminant, then they can be subdivided equally into 2^(r-1) genera of ...

A zero-symmetric graph is a vertex-transitive cubic graph whose edges are partitioned into three orbits by its automorphism group. The figures above show some small ...

A zero matrix is an m×n matrix consisting of all 0s (MacDuffee 1943, p. 27), denoted 0. Zero matrices are sometimes also known as null matrices (Akivis and Goldberg 1972, p. ...

An s-route of a graph G is a sequence of vertices (v_0,v_1,...,v_s) of G such that v_iv_(i+1) in E(G) for i=0, 1, ..., s-1 (where E(G) is the edge set of G) and ...

In the usual diagram of inclusion homomorphisms, if the upper two maps are injective, then so are the other two. More formally, consider a space X which is expressible as the ...

Gauss stated the reciprocity theorem for the case n=4 x^4=q (mod p) (1) can be solved using the Gaussian integers as ...

A square number, also called a perfect square, is a figurate number of the form S_n=n^2, where n is an integer. The square numbers for n=0, 1, ... are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ...

Let M^n be a compact n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold without boundary, let O be a group representation of pi_1(M) by orthogonal matrices, and let E(O) be the ...

The modular group Gamma is the set of all transformations w of the form w(t)=(at+b)/(ct+d), where a, b, c, and d are integers and ad-bc=1. A Gamma-modular function is then ...