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The exponential factorial is defined by the recurrence relation a_n=n^(a_(n-1)), (1) where a_0=1. The first few terms are therefore a_1 = 1 (2) a_2 = 2^1=2 (3) a_3 = ...

The converse of Fermat's little theorem is also known as Lehmer's theorem. It states that, if an integer x is prime to m and x^(m-1)=1 (mod m) and there is no integer e<m-1 ...

Let G be a subgroup of the modular group Gamma. Then an open subset R_G of the upper half-plane H is called a fundamental region of G if 1. No two distinct points of R_G are ...

The golden angle is the angle that divides a full angle in a golden ratio (but measured in the opposite direction so that it measures less than 180 degrees), i.e., GA = ...

For any positive integer k, there exists a prime arithmetic progression of length k. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi's theorem.

Let sigma(n) be the divisor function. Then lim sup_(n->infty)(sigma(n))/(nlnlnn)=e^gamma, where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Ramanujan independently discovered a ...

For a prime constellation, the Hardy-Littlewood constant for that constellation is the coefficient of the leading term of the (conjectured) asymptotic estimate of its ...

The Heath-Brown-Moroz constant is defined by C_(Heath-Brown-Moroz) = product_(p)(1-1/p)^7(1+(7p+1)/(p^2)) (1) = 0.00131764115... (2) (OEIS A118228), where the product is ...

A set of elements S is said to be infinite if the elements of a proper subset S^' can be put into one-to-one correspondence with the elements of S. An infinite set whose ...

Let S be a mathematical statement, then the Iverson bracket is defined by [S]={0 if S is false; 1 if S is true, (1) and corresponds to the so-called characteristic function. ...