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Let the true value of a quantity be x and the measured or inferred value x_0. Then the relative error is defined by deltax=(Deltax)/x=(x_0-x)/x=(x_0)/x-1, where Deltax is the ...

S_n(z) = zj_n(z)=sqrt((piz)/2)J_(n+1/2)(z) (1) C_n(z) = -zn_n(z)=-sqrt((piz)/2)N_(n+1/2)(z), (2) where j_n(z) and n_n(z) are spherical Bessel functions of the first and ...

A sentential variable, also called a propositional variable, that can be substituted for in arbitrary sentential formulas (Carnap 1958, p. 24).

The integral int_0^thetae^(-xsecphi)dphi.

The sinusoidal projection is an equal-area projection given by the transformation x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi (1) y = phi. (2) The inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = ...

A pair (M,omega), where M is a manifold and omega is a symplectic form on M. The phase space R^(2n)=R^n×R^n is a symplectic manifold. Near every point on a symplectic ...

cos(pi/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)-1) (1) cos((2pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30-6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)+1) (2) cos((4pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))-sqrt(5)+1) (3) ...

cos(pi/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2))) (1) cos((3pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (2) cos((5pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (3) cos((7pi)/(16)) = ...

Values of the trigonometric functions can be expressed exactly for integer multiples of pi/20. For cosx, cos(pi/(20)) = 1/4sqrt(8+2sqrt(10+2sqrt(5))) (1) cos((3pi)/(20)) = ...

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...