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It is thought that the totient valence function N_phi(m)>=2, i.e., if there is an n such that phi(n)=m, then there are at least two solutions n. This assertion is called ...

The Church-Turing thesis (formerly commonly known simply as Church's thesis) says that any real-world computation can be translated into an equivalent computation involving a ...

The American Mathematical Society awards two prizes named in honor of Prof. Frank Nelson Cole, a senior member of the AMS who made a bequest to the society in 1928 upon his ...

Connect-Four is a tic-tac-toe-like two-player game in which players alternately place pieces on a vertical board 7 columns across and 6 rows high. Each player uses pieces of ...

Cube duplication, also called the Delian problem, is one of the geometric problems of antiquity which asks, given the length of an edge of a cube, that a second cube be ...

The Dirichlet eta function is the function eta(s) defined by eta(s) = sum_(k=1)^(infty)((-1)^(k-1))/(k^s) (1) = (1-2^(1-s))zeta(s), (2) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta ...

Let s_1, s_2, ... be an infinite series of real numbers lying between 0 and 1. Then corresponding to any arbitrarily large K, there exists a positive integer n and two ...

Elliptic curve primality proving, abbreviated ECPP, is class of algorithms that provide certificates of primality using sophisticated results from the theory of elliptic ...

There are two theorems commonly known as Feuerbach's theorem. The first states that circle which passes through the feet of the perpendiculars dropped from the polygon ...

The set of terms of first-order logic (also known as first-order predicate calculus) is defined by the following rules: 1. A variable is a term. 2. If f is an n-place ...