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Consider an n×n (0, 1)-matrix such as [a_(11) a_(23) ; a_(22) a_(34); a_(21) a_(33) ; a_(32) a_(44); a_(31) a_(43) ; a_(42) a_(54); a_(41) a_(53) ; a_(52) a_(64)] (1) for ...

Like the entire harmonic series, the harmonic series sum_(k=1)^infty1/(p_k)=infty (1) taken over all primes p_k also diverges, as first shown by Euler in 1737 (Nagell 1951, ...

A non-Euclidean geometry, also called Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss geometry, having constant sectional curvature -1. This geometry satisfies all of Euclid's postulates except the ...

There are at least two definitions of hypercomplex numbers. Clifford algebraists call their higher dimensional numbers hypercomplex, even though they do not share all the ...

The complexity c_n of an integer n is the least number of 1s needed to represent it using only additions, multiplications, and parentheses. For example, the numbers 1 through ...

Given a function f(x), its inverse f^(-1)(x) is defined by f(f^(-1)(x))=f^(-1)(f(x))=x. (1) Therefore, f(x) and f^(-1)(x) are reflections about the line y=x. In the Wolfram ...

The Jacobi symbol, written (n/m) or (n/m) is defined for positive odd m as (n/m)=(n/(p_1))^(a_1)(n/(p_2))^(a_2)...(n/(p_k))^(a_k), (1) where m=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2)...p_k^(a_k) ...

The Johnson triangle DeltaJ_AJ_BJ_C, a term coined here for the first time, is the triangle formed by the centers of the Johnson circles. It has trilinear vertex matrix ...

The partial differential equation 3/4U_y+W_x=0, (1) where W_y+U_t-1/4U_(xxx)+3/2UU_x=0 (2) (Krichever and Novikov 1980; Novikov 1999). Zwillinger (1997, p. 131) and Calogero ...

Klee's identity is the binomial sum sum_(k=0)^n(-1)^k(n; k)(n+k; m)=(-1)^n(n; m-n), where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. For m=0, 1, ... and n=0, 1,..., the following ...