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A simple closed curve on a sphere that is not necessarily a great circle but merely intersects as a great circle would (Billera et al. 1999).

The radius of curvature is given by R=1/(|kappa|), (1) where kappa is the curvature. At a given point on a curve, R is the radius of the osculating circle. The symbol rho is ...

A quotient of two polynomials P(z) and Q(z), R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), is called a rational function, or sometimes a rational polynomial function. More generally, if P and Q are ...

Let K subset= C be compact, let f be analytic on a neighborhood of K, and let P subset= C^*\K contain at least one point from each connected component of C^*\K. Then for any ...

For a curve with radius vector r(t), the unit tangent vector T^^(t) is defined by T^^(t) = (r^.)/(|r^.|) (1) = (r^.)/(s^.) (2) = (dr)/(ds), (3) where t is a parameterization ...

An extended form of Bürmann's theorem. Let f(z) be a function of z analytic in a ring-shaped region A, bounded by another curve C and an inner curve c. Let theta(z) be a ...

Any nontrivial, closed, simple, smooth spherical curve dividing the surface of a sphere into two parts of equal areas has at least four inflection points.

A toric section is a curve obtained by slicing a torus (generally a horn torus) with a plane. A spiric section is a special case of a toric section in which the slicing plane ...

The term "total curvature" is used in two different ways in differential geometry. The total curvature, also called the third curvature, of a space curve with line elements ...

A triangle cubic is a curve that can be expressed in trilinear coordinates such that the highest degree term in the trilinears alpha, beta, and gamma is of order three. Wells ...