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In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

The field of all rational and irrational numbers is called the real numbers, or simply the "reals," and denoted R. The set of real numbers is also called the continuum, ...

A set T of integers is said to be recursively enumerable if it constitutes the range of a recursive function, i.e., if there exists a recursive function that can eventually ...

A temporal point process is a random process whose realizations consist of the times {tau_j}_(j in J) of isolated events. Note that in some literature, the values tau_j are ...

A theorem of fundamental importance in spectroscopy and angular momentum theory which provides both (1) an explicit form for the dependence of all matrix elements of ...

The Wigner 9j-symbols are a generalization of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Wigner 3j- and 6j-symbols which arises in the coupling of four angular momenta. They can be ...

A generalized eigenvector for an n×n matrix A is a vector v for which (A-lambdaI)^kv=0 for some positive integer k in Z^+. Here, I denotes the n×n identity matrix. The ...

Consider a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then the Herbrand universe H of S is defined by the following rules. 1. All constants ...

PEMDAS is an acronym used primarily in the United States as a mechanism to pedagogically enforce the order rules of computational precedence. PEMDAS is explained as follows: ...

The ring of integers is the set of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., which form a ring. This ring is commonly denoted Z (doublestruck Z), or sometimes I (doublestruck I). ...