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In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

The arc length of the parabolic segment y=h(1-(x^2)/(a^2)) (1) illustrated above is given by s = int_(-a)^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (2) = 2int_0^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (3) = ...

Given a smooth manifold M with an open cover U_i, a partition of unity subject to the cover U_i is a collection of smooth, nonnegative functions psi_i, such that the support ...

Two knots are pass equivalent if there exists a sequence of pass moves taking one to the other. Every knot is either pass equivalent to the unknot or trefoil knot. These two ...

Given a statistical distribution with measured mean, statistical median, mode, and standard deviation sigma, Pearson's first skewness coefficient, also known as the Pearson ...

A pivotal isocubic is an isocubic on the lines connecting pairs of isoconjugates that pass through a fixed point P (the pivot point). Pivotal isocubics intersect the ...

In finding the average area A^__R of a triangle chosen from a closed, bounded, convex region R of the plane, then A^__(T(R))=A^__R, for T any nonsingular affine ...

Let chi be a nonprincipal number theoretic character over Z/Zn. Then for any integer h, |sum_(x=1)^hchi(x)|<=2sqrt(n)lnn.

The statistics h_(r,s,...) defined such that <h_(r,s,...)>=mu_rmu_s..., where mu_r is a central moment. These statistics generalize h-statistics and were originally called ...