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In continuum theory, a dendrite is a locally connected continuum that contains no simple closed curve. A semicircle is therefore a dendrite, while a triangle is not. The term ...

The Descartes snarks are a set of snarks on 210 vertices and 315 edges discovered by William Tutte in 1948 writing under the pseudonym Blanche Descartes (Descartes 1948; ...

A graph is a forbidden subgraph if its presence as a subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, a bipartite graph is a graph ...

Let C=C^+ union C^- (where C^+ intersection C^-=emptyset) be the disjoint union of two finite components C^+ and C^-. Let alpha and beta be two involutions on C, each of ...

Given a sum and a set of weights, find the weights which were used to generate the sum. The values of the weights are then encrypted in the sum. This system relies on the ...

A set of n magic circles is a numbering of the intersections of the n circles such that the sum over all intersections is the same constant for all circles. The above sets of ...

Let A_n be the set of all sequences that contain all sequences {a_k}_(k=0)^n where a_0=1 and all other a_i=+/-1, and define c_k=sum_(j=0)^(n-k)a_ja_(j+k). Then the merit ...

A square-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

Consider the number of sequences that can be formed from permutations of a set of elements such that each partial sum is nonnegative. The number of sequences with nonnegative ...

Let k>=0 and n>=2 be integers. A SOMA, or more specifically a SOMA(k,n), is an n×n array A, whose entries are k-subsets of a kn-set Omega, such that each element of Omega ...