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A polygon which has both a circumcircle (which touches each vertex) and an incircle (which is tangent to each side). All triangles are bicentric with R^2-x^2=2Rr, (1) where R ...

A bicentric quadrilateral, also called a cyclic-inscriptable quadrilateral, is a four-sided bicentric polygon. The inradius r, circumradius R, and offset x are connected by ...

In a dynamical system, a bifurcation is a period doubling, quadrupling, etc., that accompanies the onset of chaos. It represents the sudden appearance of a qualitatively ...

The biggest little polygon with n sides is the convex plane n-gon of unit polygon diameter having largest possible area. Reinhardt (1922) showed that for n odd, the regular ...

Bilinski (1960) noted that by collapsing any one of the five zones of the rhombic icosahedron, a second rhombic dodecahedron distinct from the dual polyhedron of the ...

The important binomial theorem states that sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)r^k=(1+r)^n. (1) Consider sums of powers of binomial coefficients a_n^((r)) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)^r (2) = ...

Find the maximum number of bishops B(n) that can be placed on an n×n chessboard such that no two attack each other. The answer is 2n-2 (Dudeney 1970, Madachy 1979), giving ...

A bitangent is a line that is tangent to a curve at two distinct points. Aa general plane quartic curve has 28 bitangents in the complex projective plane. However, as shown ...

The Blancmange function, also called the Takagi fractal curve (Peitgen and Saupe 1988), is a pathological continuous function which is nowhere differentiable. Its name ...

A Bland-Altman plot is a data plotting method which simultaneously presents data sets from two different tests in a way that allows for easier determination of whether the ...