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The Borromean rings, also called the Borromean links (Livingston 1993, p. 10) are three mutually interlocked rings (left figure), named after the Italian Renaissance family ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...

There are no fewer than three distinct notions of curve throughout mathematics. In topology, a curve is a one-dimensional continuum (Charatonik and Prajs 2001). In algebraic ...

The dihedral group D_3 is a particular instance of one of the two distinct abstract groups of group order 6. Unlike the cyclic group C_6 (which is Abelian), D_3 is ...

The double factorial of a positive integer n is a generalization of the usual factorial n! defined by n!!={n·(n-2)...5·3·1 n>0 odd; n·(n-2)...6·4·2 n>0 even; 1 n=-1,0. (1) ...

Let E_1(x) be the En-function with n=1, E_1(x) = int_1^infty(e^(-tx)dt)/t (1) = int_x^infty(e^(-u)du)/u. (2) Then define the exponential integral Ei(x) by E_1(x)=-Ei(-x), (3) ...

The finite group C_2×C_2 is one of the two distinct groups of group order 4. The name of this group derives from the fact that it is a group direct product of two C_2 ...

Given a rectangle having sides in the ratio 1:phi, the golden ratio phi is defined such that partitioning the original rectangle into a square and new rectangle results in a ...

Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, also called the Gram-Schmidt process, is a procedure which takes a nonorthogonal set of linearly independent functions and constructs an ...

The great dodecahedron is the Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron whose dual is the small stellated dodecahedron. It is also uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 35 (Maeder 1997), ...