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A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions. A line is sometimes called a straight line or, more archaically, ...

A plane is a two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors. The generalization of the plane to higher dimensions is called a hyperplane. ...

A mathematical structure A is said to be closed under an operation + if, whenever a and b are both elements of A, then so is a+b. A mathematical object taken together with ...

A quantity is said to be exact if it has a precise and well-defined value. J. W. Tukey remarked in 1962, "Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is ...

A statement letter or a negation of a statement letter (Mendelson 1997, p. 30).

Bürmann's theorem deals with the expansion of functions in powers of another function. Let phi(z) be a function of z which is analytic in a closed region S, of which a is an ...

(1-x^2)(d^2y)/(dx^2)-x(dy)/(dx)+alpha^2y=0 (1) for |x|<1. The Chebyshev differential equation has regular singular points at -1, 1, and infty. It can be solved by series ...

The constant a_(-1) in the Laurent series f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n (1) of f(z) about a point z_0 is called the residue of f(z). If f is analytic at z_0, its ...

Given a general quadratic curve Ax^2+Bxy+Cy^2+Dx+Ey+F=0, (1) the quantity X is known as the discriminant, where X=B^2-4AC, (2) and is invariant under rotation. Using the ...

A root-finding algorithm which makes use of a third-order Taylor series f(x)=f(x_n)+f^'(x_n)(x-x_n)+1/2f^('')(x_n)(x-x_n)^2+.... (1) A root of f(x) satisfies f(x)=0, so 0 ...