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Dots and boxes is a two-person game based on a rectangular lattice of points. Each player, in turn, draws a horizontal or vertical line connecting two adjacent points. ...

Let a distribution to be approximated be the distribution F_n of standardized sums Y_n=(sum_(i=1)^(n)(X_i-X^_))/(sqrt(sum_(i=1)^(n)sigma_X^2)). (1) In the Charlier series, ...

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

The first practical algorithm for determining if there exist integers a_i for given real numbers x_i such that a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=0, or else establish bounds within ...

An adaptive Gaussian quadrature method for numerical integration in which error is estimation based on evaluation at special points known as "Kronrod points." By suitably ...

Let a tree S be a subgraph of a cubic graph G. The graph excision G circleminus S is the graph resulting from removing the tree, then merging the edges. For example, if in ...

A group G is said to act on a set X when there is a map phi:G×X->X such that the following conditions hold for all elements x in X. 1. phi(e,x)=x where e is the identity ...

Given two randomly chosen n×n integer matrices, what is the probability D(n) that the corresponding determinants are relatively prime? Hafner et al. (1993) showed that ...

The values of -d for which imaginary quadratic fields Q(sqrt(-d)) are uniquely factorable into factors of the form a+bsqrt(-d). Here, a and b are half-integers, except for ...

Given a square n×n nonsingular integer matrix A, there exists an n×n unimodular matrix U and an n×n matrix H (known as the Hermite normal form of A) such that AU=H. ...