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The root separation (or zero separation) of a polynomial P(x) with roots r_1, r_2, ... is defined by Delta(P)=min_(i!=j)|r_i-r_j|. There are lower bounds on how close two ...

Let sum_(k=1)^(infty)u_k be a series with positive terms, and let rho=lim_(k->infty)u_k^(1/k). 1. If rho<1, the series converges. 2. If rho>1 or rho=infty, the series ...

Rosser's rule states that every Gram block contains the expected number of roots, which appears to be true for computable Gram blocks. Rosser et al. (1969) expressed a belief ...

Given two functions f and g analytic in A with gamma a simple loop homotopic to a point in A, if |g(z)|<|f(z)| for all z on gamma, then f and f+g have the same number of ...

Let A be a relational system, and let L be a language which is appropriate for A. Let phi be a well-formed formula of L, and let s be a valuation in A. Then A|=_sphi is ...

The sawtooth wave, called the "castle rim function" by Trott (2004, p. 228), is the periodic function given by S(x)=Afrac(x/T+phi), (1) where frac(x) is the fractional part ...

A polynomial given in terms of the Neumann polynomials O_n(x) by S_n(x)=(2xO_n(x)-2cos^2(1/2npi))/n.

A function f in C^infty(R^n) is called a Schwartz function if it goes to zero as |x|->infty faster than any inverse power of x, as do all its derivatives. That is, a function ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then every even function h(rho) analytic in ...