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An irreducible representation of a group is a group representation that has no nontrivial invariant subspaces. For example, the orthogonal group O(n) has an irreducible ...

The numerical value of Khinchin's constant K is given by K=2.685452001... (OEIS A002210). However, the numerical value of K is notoriously difficult to calculate to high ...

The Klein bottle crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings possible when embedding G on a Klein bottle (cf. Garnder 1986, pp. 137-138). While the ...

Let omega_1 and omega_2 be periods of a doubly periodic function, with tau=omega_2/omega_1 the half-period ratio a number with I[tau]!=0. Then Klein's absolute invariant ...

The Laplacian for a scalar function phi is a scalar differential operator defined by (1) where the h_i are the scale factors of the coordinate system (Weinberg 1972, p. 109; ...

The Lucas-Lehmer test is an efficient deterministic primality test for determining if a Mersenne number M_n is prime. Since it is known that Mersenne numbers can only be ...

Martin Gardner (1975) played an April Fool's joke by asserting that the map of 110 regions illustrated above (left figure) required five colors and constitutes a ...

Minkowski's question mark function is the function y=?(x) defined by Minkowski for the purpose of mapping the quadratic surds in the open interval (0,1) into the rational ...

De Grey (2018) found the first examples of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number 5, thus demonstrating that the solution to the Hadwiger-Nelson problem (i.e., the ...

Multivariate zeta function, also called multiple zeta values, multivariate zeta constants (Bailey et al. 2006, p. 43), multi-zeta values (Bailey et al. 2006, p. 17), and ...