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A square matrix is called Hermitian if it is self-adjoint. Therefore, a Hermitian matrix A=(a_(ij)) is defined as one for which A=A^(H), (1) where A^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the high-water marks are the values at which the running maximum increases. For example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5) with ...

A class formed by sets in R^n which have essentially the same structure, regardless of size, shape and dimension. The "essential structure" is what a set keeps when it is ...

A non-Euclidean geometry, also called Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss geometry, having constant sectional curvature -1. This geometry satisfies all of Euclid's postulates except the ...

An imperfect graph G is a graph that is not perfect. Therefore, graphs G with omega(G)<chi(G) (1) where omega(G) is the clique number and chi(G) is the chromatic number are ...

A set-theoretic term having a number of different meanings. Fraenkel (1953, p. 37) used the term as a synonym for "finite set." However, according to Russell's definition ...

A d-dimensional discrete percolation model is said to be inhomogeneous if different graph edges (in the case of bond percolation models) or vertices (in the case of site ...

A the (first, or internal) Kenmotu point, also called the congruent squares point, is the triangle center constructed by inscribing three equal squares such that each square ...

The Laplace-Carson transform F of a real-valued function f is an integral transform defined by the formula F(p)=pint_0^inftye^(-pt)f(t)dt. (1) In most cases, the function F ...

Let a, b, and c be the lengths of the legs of a triangle opposite angles A, B, and C. Then the law of cosines states a^2 = b^2+c^2-2bccosA (1) b^2 = a^2+c^2-2accosB (2) c^2 = ...