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An Abelian semigroup is a set whose elements are related by a binary operation (such as addition, rotation, etc.) that is closed, associative, and commutative. A mathematical ...

The inequality sinAsinBsinC<=((3sqrt(3))/(2pi))^3ABC, where A, B, and C are the vertex angles of a triangle. The maximum is reached for an equilateral triangle (and therefore ...

Let K be a class of topological spaces that is closed under homeomorphism, and let X be a topological space. If X in K and for every Y in K such that X subset= Y, X is a ...

A measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to another measure mu if lambda(E)=0 for every set with mu(E)=0. This makes sense as long as mu is a positive measure, ...

Abstract algebra is the set of advanced topics of algebra that deal with abstract algebraic structures rather than the usual number systems. The most important of these ...

An abstract machine is a model of a computer system (considered either as hardware or software) constructed to allow a detailed and precise analysis of how the computer ...

Actuarial science is the study of risk through the use of mathematics, probability, and statistics. A person who performs risk assessment is known as an actuary. Actuaries ...

Let A be a commutative ring and let C_r be an R-module for r=0,1,2,.... A chain complex C__ of the form C__:...|->C_n|->C_(n-1)|->C_(n-2)|->...|->C_2|->C_1|->C_0 is said to ...

Let k be a field of finite characteristic p. Then a polynomial P(x) in k[x] is said to be additive iff P(a)+P(b)=P(a+b) for {a,b,a+b} subset k. For example, P(x)=x^2+x+4 is ...

A Lie algebra is a vector space g with a Lie bracket [X,Y], satisfying the Jacobi identity. Hence any element X gives a linear transformation given by ad(X)(Y)=[X,Y], (1) ...