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The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep ...

A partial differential equation which appears in differential geometry and relativistic field theory. Its name is a wordplay on its similar form to the Klein-Gordon equation. ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

An abundant number, sometimes also called an excessive number, is a positive integer n for which s(n)=sigma(n)-n>n, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...

An alternating sign matrix is a matrix of 0s, 1s, and -1s in which the entries in each row or column sum to 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in ...

The beta function B(p,q) is the name used by Legendre and Whittaker and Watson (1990) for the beta integral (also called the Eulerian integral of the first kind). It is ...

The bivariate normal distribution is the statistical distribution with probability density function P(x_1,x_2)=1/(2pisigma_1sigma_2sqrt(1-rho^2))exp[-z/(2(1-rho^2))], (1) ...

The delta function is a generalized function that can be defined as the limit of a class of delta sequences. The delta function is sometimes called "Dirac's delta function" ...

A special function which is given by the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function (or, depending on the definition, the logarithmic derivative of the factorial). Because ...

The dilogarithm Li_2(z) is a special case of the polylogarithm Li_n(z) for n=2. Note that the notation Li_2(x) is unfortunately similar to that for the logarithmic integral ...