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Given a topological vector space X and a neighborhood V of 0 in X, the polar K=K(V) of V is defined to be the set K(V)={Lambda in X^*:|Lambdax|<=1 for every x in V} and where ...

A vertex-induced subgraph (sometimes simply called an "induced subgraph") is a subset of the vertices of a graph G together with any edges whose endpoints are both in this ...

Let any finite or infinite set of points having no finite limit point be prescribed, and associate with each of its points a definite positive integer as its order. Then ...

A tree to whose nodes and/or edges labels (usually number) are assigned. The word "weight" also has a more specific meaning when applied to trees, namely the weight of a tree ...

The Wronskian of a set of n functions phi_1, phi_2, ... is defined by W(phi_1,...,phi_n)=|phi_1 phi_2 ... phi_n; phi_1^' phi_2^' ... phi_n^'; | | ... |; phi_1^((n-1)) ...

The first and second Zagreb indices for a graph with vertex count n and vertex degrees v_i for i=1, ..., n are defined by Z_1=sum_(i=1)^nv_i^2 and Z_2=sum_((i,j) in ...

A p-adic integer is a p-adic number of the form sum_(k=m)^(infty)a_kp^k, where m>=0, a_k are integers, and p is prime. It is sufficient to take a_k in the set {0,1,...,p-1}. ...

An s-route of a graph G is a sequence of vertices (v_0,v_1,...,v_s) of G such that v_iv_(i+1) in E(G) for i=0, 1, ..., s-1 (where E(G) is the edge set of G) and ...

Transfinite induction, like regular induction, is used to show a property P(n) holds for all numbers n. The essential difference is that regular induction is restricted to ...

A modified set of Chebyshev polynomials defined by a slightly different generating function. They arise in the development of four-dimensional spherical harmonics in angular ...