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An extended rooted binary tree satisfying the following conditions: 1. Every node has two children, each colored either red or black. 2. Every tree leaf node is colored ...

A Taylor series is a series expansion of a function about a point. A one-dimensional Taylor series is an expansion of a real function f(x) about a point x=a is given by (1) ...

The minimal polynomial of an algebraic number zeta is the unique irreducible monic polynomial of smallest degree p(x) with rational coefficients such that p(zeta)=0 and whose ...

A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought ...

If f(x) is piecewise continuous and has a generalized Fourier series sum_(i)a_iphi_i(x) (1) with weighting function w(x), it must be true that ...

In his last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan defined 17 Jacobi theta function-like functions F(q) with |q|<1 which he called "mock theta functions" (Watson 1936ab, Ramanujan 1988, ...

A line segment joining the midpoints of opposite sides of a quadrilateral or tetrahedron. Varignon's theorem states that the bimedians of a quadrilateral bisect each other ...

Relates invariants of a curve defined over the integers. If this inequality were proven true, then Fermat's last theorem would follow for sufficiently large exponents. ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

An algorithm which finds a polynomial recurrence for terminating hypergeometric identities of the form sum_(k)(n; ...