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Define the minimal bounding rectangle as the smallest rectangle containing a given lattice polygon. If the perimeter of the lattice polygon is equal to that of its minimal ...

A standard basis, also called a natural basis, is a special orthonormal vector basis in which each basis vector has a single nonzero entry with value 1. In n-dimensional ...

A continuous group G which has the topology of a T2-space is a topological group. The simplest example is the group of real numbers under addition. The homeomorphism group of ...

A vector space with a T2-space topology such that the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication are continuous. The interesting examples are ...

A torispherical dome is the surface obtained from the intersection of a spherical cap with a tangent torus, as illustrated above. The radius of the sphere R is called the ...

The total domination number gamma_t of a graph is the size of a smallest total dominating set, where a total dominating set is a set of vertices of the graph such that all ...

A total order (or "totally ordered set," or "linearly ordered set") is a set plus a relation on the set (called a total order) that satisfies the conditions for a partial ...

The transitive closure of a binary relation R on a set X is the minimal transitive relation R^' on X that contains R. Thus aR^'b for any elements a and b of X provided that ...

Two submanifolds X and Y in an ambient space M intersect transversally if, for all p in X intersection Y, TX_p+TY_p={v+w:v in TX_p,w in TY_p}=TM_p, where the addition is in ...

Power formulas include sin^2x = 1/2[1-cos(2x)] (1) sin^3x = 1/4[3sinx-sin(3x)] (2) sin^4x = 1/8[3-4cos(2x)+cos(4x)] (3) and cos^2x = 1/2[1+cos(2x)] (4) cos^3x = ...