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The determination of the number of alternating permutations having elements {1,2,...,n}.

A shuffling algorithm used in a class of random number generators.

The symbol "-" which is used to denote a negative number or subtraction.

A real number that is b-normal for every base 2, 3, 4, ... is said to be absolutely normal. As proved by Borel (1922, p. 198), almost all real numbers in [0,1) are absolutely ...

Deck transformations, also called covering transformations, are defined for any cover p:A->X. They act on A by homeomorphisms which preserve the projection p. Deck ...

In 1704, Sebastien Truchet considered all possible patterns formed by tilings of right triangles oriented at the four corners of a square (Wolfram 2002, p. 875). Truchet's ...

The number of poles of an automorphic function in the closure of its fundamental region.

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

A circle-preserving transformation composed of an odd number of inversions.

A base-60, or sexagesimal, number system, used by the ancient Babylonians.