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Calculus of variations can be used to find the curve from a point (x_1,y_1) to a point (x_2,y_2) which, when revolved around the x-axis, yields a surface of smallest surface ...

A catenary of revolution. The catenoid and plane are the only surfaces of revolution which are also minimal surfaces. The catenoid can be given by the parametric equations x ...

The hyperbolic cosine is defined as coshz=1/2(e^z+e^(-z)). (1) The notation chx is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. xxix). This function describes the ...

An Cesàro equation is a natural equation which expresses a curve in terms of its arc length function s(t) and radius of curvature rho(t) (or equivalently, the curvature ...

Let C be a curve and let O be a fixed point. Let P be on C and let Q be the curvature center at P. Let P_1 be the point with P_1O a line segment parallel and of equal length ...

Special affine curvature, also called as the equi-affine or affine curvature, is a type of curvature for a plane curve that remains unchanged under a special affine ...

An evolute is the locus of centers of curvature (the envelope) of a plane curve's normals. The original curve is then said to be the involute of its evolute. Given a plane ...

The hyperbolic secant is defined as sechz = 1/(coshz) (1) = 2/(e^z+e^(-z)), (2) where coshz is the hyperbolic cosine. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as Sech[z]. On ...

A branch of mathematics that is a sort of generalization of calculus. Calculus of variations seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc., for which a given function has a ...

A catacaustic is a curve that is the envelope of rays emanating from a specified point (or a point at infinite distance producing parallel rays) for a given mirror shape. The ...