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A "visual representation" number which is a sum of some simple function of its digits. For example, 1233 = 12^2+33^2 (1) 2661653 = 1653^2-266^2 (2) 221859 = 22^3+18^3+59^3 ...

The width of a box is the horizontal distance from side to side (usually defined to be greater than the depth, the horizontal distance from front to back).

Given a circle C with center O and radius k, then two points P and Q are inverse with respect to C if OP·OQ=k^2. If P describes a curve C_1, then Q describes a curve C_2 ...

Given a curve C and O=(x_0,y_0) a fixed point called the pedal point, then for a point P on C, draw a line perpendicular to OP. The envelope of these lines as P describes the ...

The pedal of a curve C with respect to a point O is the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from O to the tangent to the curve. More precisely, given a curve C, the pedal ...

The path traced out by a point P on the edge of a circle of radius b rolling on the outside of a circle of radius a. An epicycloid is therefore an epitrochoid with h=b. ...

A Belphegor number (also known as a Beelphegor number or a beastly palindromic prime) is a palindromic number of the form 1(0...)666(0...)1. Numbers of this form are named ...

Bipolar coordinates are a two-dimensional system of coordinates. There are two commonly defined types of bipolar coordinates, the first of which is defined by x = ...

Consider a unit circle and a radiant point located at (mu,0). There are four different regimes of caustics, illustrated above. For radiant point at mu=infty, the catacaustic ...

A partially ordered set (or ordered set or poset for short) (L,<=) is called a complete lattice if every subset M of L has a least upper bound (supremum, supM) and a greatest ...