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In geometry, an endpoint is one of the two points at the boundary of a line segment. In analysis, an endpoint is one of the two points at the boundary of a closed interval or ...

The Sombor spectral radius rho_(Sombor) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of the Sombor matrix. Liu et al. (2022) shows that for any tree, ...

Vince and Bóna (2012) define an assembly tree T for a connected simple graph G on n nodes as a binary rooted tree with n leavesTree Leaf and n-1 internal nodes and satisfying ...

A subgraph G^' of a graph G is a graph G^' whose vertex set and edge set are subsets of those of G. If G^' is a subgraph of G, then G is said to be a supergraph of G^' ...

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

Consider a broadcast scheme on a connected graph from an originator vertex v in a graph G consisting of a sequence of parallel calls starting from v. In each time step, every ...

A diagonal matrix D=diag(d_1,...,d_n) sometimes also called the valency matrix corresponding to a graph that has the vertex degree of d_i in the ith position (Skiena 1990, p. ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) index of a graph is defined as half the sum of the matrix elements of its ABC matrix. It was introduced by Estrada et al. (2017) to model the ...

A path gamma is a continuous mapping gamma:[a,b]|->C^0, where gamma(a) is the initial point, gamma(b) is the final point, and C^0 denotes the space of continuous functions. ...

A problem asking for the shortest tour of a graph which visits each edge at least once (Kwan 1962; Skiena 1990, p. 194). For an Eulerian graph, an Eulerian cycle is the ...