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A straight line is tangent to a given curve f(x) at a point x_0 on the curve if the line passes through the point (x_0,f(x_0)) on the curve and has slope f^'(x_0), where ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

A semialgebraic set is a subset of R^n which is a finite Boolean combination of sets of the form {x^_=(x_1,...,x_n):f(x^_)>0} and {x^_:g(x^_)=0}, where f and g are ...

Let {a_i}_(i=1)^n be a set of positive numbers. Then sum_(i=1)^n(a_1a_2...a_i)^(1/i)<=esum_(i=1)^na_i (which is given incorrectly in Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000). Here, the ...

Bertrand's postulate, also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem, states that if n>3, there is always at least one prime p between n and 2n-2. ...

The radial curve of the deltoid x = 1/3a[2cost+cos(2t)] (1) y = 1/3a[2sint-sin(2t)] (2) with pedal point (x_0,y_0) is x_p = 1/6[3x+cost+3xcost-cos(2t)-3ysint] (3) y_p = ...

The Cauchy remainder is a different form of the remainder term than the Lagrange remainder. The Cauchy remainder after n terms of the Taylor series for a function f(x) ...

A perimeter-bisecting segment of a polygon originating from the midpoint of one side. Each cleaver M_1C_1, M_2C_2, and M_3C_3 in a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3 is parallel to an ...

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of elements common to A and B. This is written A intersection B, and is pronounced "A intersection B" or "A cap B." The ...

Numerical differentiation is the process of finding the numerical value of a derivative of a given function at a given point. In general, numerical differentiation is more ...