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A calibration form on a Riemannian manifold M is a differential p-form phi such that 1. phi is a closed form. 2. The comass of phi, sup_(v in ^ ^pTM, |v|=1)|phi(v)| (1) ...

A differential k-form is a tensor of tensor rank k that is antisymmetric under exchange of any pair of indices. The number of algebraically independent components in n ...

A bilinear form on a real vector space is a function b:V×V->R that satisfies the following axioms for any scalar alpha and any choice of vectors v,w,v_1,v_2,w_1, and w_2. 1. ...

An expression that is of a given type. For example, all primes p>3 are "of the form" 6n+/-1. The term "of shape" is sometimes also used.

A matrix that has undergone Gaussian elimination is said to be in row echelon form or, more properly, "reduced echelon form" or "row-reduced echelon form." Such a matrix has ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. Then the first fundamental form is the inner product of tangent vectors, ...

A differential k-form can be integrated on an n-dimensional manifold. The basic example is an n-form alpha in the open unit ball in R^n. Since alpha is a top-dimensional ...

In an exterior algebra ^ V, a top-dimensional form has degree n where n=dimV. Any form of higher degree must be zero. For example, if V=R^4 then alpha=e_1 ^ e_2 ^ e_3 ^ e_4 ...

A linear real-valued function omega^1 of vectors v such that omega^1(v)|->R. Vectors (i.e., contravariant vectors or "kets" |psi>) and one-forms (i.e., covariant vectors or ...

The kernel of a symmetric bilinear form Q:V×V-->R is the set Ker(Q)={v in V|Q(v,w)=0 for all w in V}.