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If F(x) is a probability distribution with zero mean and rho=int_(-infty)^infty|x|^3dF(x)<infty, (1) where the above integral is a stieltjes integral, then for all x and n, ...

Take x itself to be a bracketing, then recursively define a bracketing as a sequence B=(B_1,...,B_k) where k>=2 and each B_i is a bracketing. A bracketing can be represented ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

From the point of view of coordinate charts, the notion of tangent space is quite simple. The tangent space consists of all directions, or velocities, a particle can take. In ...

The complex plane is the plane of complex numbers spanned by the vectors 1 and i, where i is the imaginary number. Every complex number corresponds to a unique point in the ...

A reduction system is called confluent (or globally confluent) if, for all x, u, and w such that x->_*u and x->_*w, there exists a z such that u->_*z and w->_*z. A reduction ...

C_4 is one of the two groups of group order 4. Like C_2×C_2, it is Abelian, but unlike C_2×C_2, it is a cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_4 (note that the same ...

The dot product can be defined for two vectors X and Y by X·Y=|X||Y|costheta, (1) where theta is the angle between the vectors and |X| is the norm. It follows immediately ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...