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There are a number of slightly different definitions of the Fresnel integrals. In physics, the Fresnel integrals denoted C(u) and S(u) are most often defined by C(u)+iS(u) = ...

The golden triangle, sometimes also called the sublime triangle, is an isosceles triangle such that the ratio of the hypotenuse a to base b is equal to the golden ratio, ...

A heart-shaped surface given by the sextic equation (x^2+9/4y^2+z^2-1)^3-x^2z^3-9/(80)y^2z^3=0 (Taubin 1993, 1994). The figures above show a ray-traced rendering (left) and ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. Given a vertex cover of a graph, all ...

The Mercator projection is a map projection that was widely used for navigation since loxodromes are straight lines (although great circles are curved). The following ...

A natural equation is an equation which specifies a curve independent of any choice of coordinates or parameterization. The study of natural equations began with the ...

A polynomial having random coefficients.

The turning of an object or coordinate system by an angle about a fixed point. A rotation is an orientation-preserving orthogonal transformation. Euler's rotation theorem ...

A stochastic matrix, also called a probability matrix, probability transition matrix, transition matrix, substitution matrix, or Markov matrix, is matrix used to characterize ...

Universal algebra studies common properties of all algebraic structures, including groups, rings, fields, lattices, etc. A universal algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), ...