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A graphical plot which can be used for solving certain types of equations. According to Steinhaus (1999, p. 301), the Nomogram was invented by the French mathematicians ...

A square matrix A is a normal matrix if [A,A^(H)]=AA^(H)-A^(H)A=0, where [a,b] is the commutator and A^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose. For example, the matrix [i 0; 0 ...

Perhaps the most commonly-studied oriented point lattice is the so-called north-east lattice which orients each edge of L in the direction of increasing coordinate-value. ...

Numerical differentiation is the process of finding the numerical value of a derivative of a given function at a given point. In general, numerical differentiation is more ...

A golden rhombohedron is a trigonal trapezohedron (and therefore rhombohedron with congruent rhombic faces) whose faces consist of six equal golden rhombi. There are two ...

An oriented knot is an oriented link of one component, or equivalently, it is a knot which has been given an orientation. Given an oriented knot K, reversing the orientation ...

A lattice L is said to be oriented if there exists a rule which assigns a specified direction to any edge connecting arbitrary lattice points x_i,x_j in L. In that way, an ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

A number of graphs are associated with P. J. Owens. The 76-node Owens graph (Owens 1980) provides the smallest known example of a polyhedral quintic nonhamiltonian graph. It ...

The P versus NP problem is the determination of whether all NP-problems are actually P-problems. If P and NP are not equivalent, then the solution of NP-problems requires (in ...