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An Aztec diamond of order n is the region obtained from four staircase shapes of height n by gluing them together along the straight edges. It can therefore be defined as the ...

A basis vector in an n-dimensional vector space is one of any chosen set of n vectors in the space forming a vector basis, i.e., having the property that every vector in the ...

A distribution with probability function P(x)=(x^(alpha-1)(1+x)^(-alpha-beta))/(B(alpha,beta)), where B is a beta function. The mode of a variate distributed as ...

A block diagonal matrix, also called a diagonal block matrix, is a square diagonal matrix in which the diagonal elements are square matrices of any size (possibly even 1×1), ...

A Borel set is an element of a Borel sigma-algebra. Roughly speaking, Borel sets are the sets that can be constructed from open or closed sets by repeatedly taking countable ...

The convexity coefficient chi(D) of a region D is the probability that the line segment connecting two random points in D is contained entirely within D. For a convex region, ...

The Conway-Smith graph is a distance-transitive graph on 63 vertices having intersection array {10,6,4,1;1,2,6,10} (Hall 1980). It is also distance-transitive. It is denoted ...

The Copeland-Erdős constant is the constant with decimal expansion 0.23571113171923... (OEIS A033308) obtained by concatenating consecutive primes: 2, 23, 235, 2357, 235711, ...

A Cullen number is a number of the form C_n=2^nn+1. The first few are 3, 9, 25, 65, 161, 385, ... (OEIS A002064). Cullen numbers are divisible by p=2n-1 if p is a prime of ...

The curlicue fractal is a figure obtained by the following procedure. Let s be an irrational number. Begin with a line segment of unit length, which makes an angle phi_0=0 to ...