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The norm of a mathematical object is a quantity that in some (possibly abstract) sense describes the length, size, or extent of the object. Norms exist for complex numbers ...

Let the absolute frequencies of occurrence of an event in a number of class intervals be denoted f_1, f_2, .... The cumulative frequency corresponding to the upper boundary ...

Given a formula y=f(x) with an absolute error in x of dx, the absolute error is dy. The relative error is dy/y. If x=f(u,v,...), then ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

Let |z| be a vector norm of a vector z such that ||A||=max_(|z|=1)||Az||. Then ||A|| is a matrix norm which is said to be the natural norm induced (or subordinate) to the ...

The real part R[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number not multiplying i, so R[x+iy]=x. In terms of z itself, R[z]=1/2(z+z^_), where z^_ is the complex conjugate of ...

Let A be an n×n matrix with complex or real elements with eigenvalues lambda_1, ..., lambda_n. Then the spectral radius rho(A) of A is rho(A)=max_(1<=i<=n)|lambda_i|, i.e., ...

A generalization of the p-adic norm first proposed by Kürschák in 1913. A valuation |·| on a field K is a function from K to the real numbers R such that the following ...

An additive function is an arithmetic function such that whenever positive integers a and b are relatively prime, f(ab)=f(a)+f(b). An example of an additive function is ...

If g is continuous and mu,nu>0, then int_0^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)dxiint_0^xi(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dx =int_0^tdxint_x^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dxi.