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The biconjugate gradient stabilized (BCGSTAB) method was developed to solve nonsymmetric linear systems while avoiding the often irregular convergence patterns of the ...

A biconnected graph is a connected graph having no articulation vertices (Skiena 1990, p. 175). An equivalent definition for graphs on more than two vertices is a graph G ...

The 12-vertex graph consisting of a cube in which two opposite faces (say, top and bottom) have edges drawn across them which connect the centers of opposite sides of the ...

A bimagic cube is a (normal) magic cube that remains magic when all its elements are squared. Of course, even a normal magic cubic becomes nonnormal (i.e., contains ...

If replacing each number by its square in a magic square produces another magic square, the square is said to be a bimagic square. Bimagic squares are also called doubly ...

A binary tree is a tree-like structure that is rooted and in which each vertex has at most two children and each child of a vertex is designated as its left or right child ...

Given two positive integers n and k, the bipartite Kneser graph H(n,k) is the graph whose two bipartite sets of vertices represent the k-subsets and (n-k)-subsets of ...

The blossom algorithm (Edmonds 1965) finds a maximum independent edge set in a (possibly weighted) graph. While a maximum independent edge set can be found fairly easily for ...

Consider a Boolean algebra of subsets b(A) generated by a set A, which is the set of subsets of A that can be obtained by means of a finite number of the set operations ...

Bridge is a card game played with a normal deck of 52 cards. The number of possible distinct 13-card hands is N=(52; 13)=635013559600, (1) where (n; k) is a binomial ...