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Mycielski Graph


A Mycielski graph M_k is a triangle-free graph with chromatic number k belonging to the following recursively constructed family. Set M_1=K_1 and M_2=K_2. For k>=2, retain the vertices x_i and edges of M_k, add a new vertex y_i for each x_i, and add one more vertex z. Join y_i to every vertex adjacent to x_i in M_k, and join z to every y_i to obtain M_(k+1) (Jarnicki et al. 2016, §5).

For example, triangle-free graphs with chromatic number k=4 include the Grötzsch graph (11 vertices), Chvátal graph (12 vertices), 13-cyclotomic graph (13 vertices), Clebsch graph (16 vertices), quartic vertex-transitive graph Qt49 (16 vertices), Brinkmann graph (21 vertices), Foster cage (30 vertices), Robertson-Wegner graph (30 vertices), and Wong graph (30 vertices). The graph M_4 is the Grötzsch graph, which is the smallest of these examples.

MycielskiGraph

The first few Mycielski graphs are illustrated above and summarized in the table below.

The k-Mycielski graph has vertex count

 n(M_k)={1   for k=1; 3·2^(k-2)-1   for k>1,
(1)

giving the sequence of vertex counts for k=1, 2, ... of 1, 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, 191, 383, 767, ... (OEIS A083329), and edge count

 m(M_k)=1/2(7·3^(k-2)+1)-3·2^(k-2),
(2)

where k>=2 and m(M_1)=0.

Mycielski graphs are implemented in the Wolfram Language as FromEntity[Entity["Graph", {"Mycielski", n]], and precomputed properties for small Mycielski graphs are implemented as GraphData[{"Mycielski", n}].

M_k is Hamilton-connected for all k except k=3 (Jarnicki et al. 2016).

de Grey (2026) constructed a unit-distance embedding of the 4-Mycielski (Grötzsch graph) in three dimensions and attempted to construct one for the 5-Mycielski graph in his construction of 5-chromatic, triangle-free, unit-distance graph in R^3, though ended up using a different graph on 31 vertices (the 31-de Grey graph).

The fractional chromatic number of the Mycielski graph M_n is given by a_2=2 and

 a_n=a_(n-1)+a_(n-1)^(-1)
(3)

(Larsen et al. 1995), giving the sequence for n=2, 3, ... of 2, 5/2, 29/10, 941/290, 969581/272890, ... (OEIS A073833 and A073834).


See also

Grötzsch Graph, Triangle-Free Graph

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References

de Grey, A. D. N. J. "A 5-Chromatic, Triangle-Free Unit-Distance Graph in R^3 With 61 Vertices." Geombinatorics 35, 2026.House of Graphs. Mycielski Graphs. Singleton Graph, K2, Cycle Graph C5, and Groetzsch Graph.Jarnicki, W.; Myrvold, W.; Saltzman, P.; and Wagon, S. "Properties, Proved and Conjectured, of Keller, Mycielski, and Queen Graphs." 25 Jun 2016. https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.07918.Larsen, M.; Propp, J.; and Ullman, D. "The Fractional Chromatic Number of Mycielski's Graphs." J. Graph Th. 19, 411-416, 1995.Mycielski, J. "Sur le coloriage des graphes." Colloq. Math. 3, 161-162, 1955.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A073833, A073834, and A083329 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Soifer, A. The Mathematical Coloring Book: Mathematics of Coloring and the Colorful Life of Its Creators. New York: Springer, pp. 85-86, 2008.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Mycielski Graph

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Mycielski Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/MycielskiGraph.html

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