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Generalized Keller Graph


A generalized Keller graph has as its vertices the n-tuples over the integers 0, 1, ..., 2s-1. Two vertices are adjacent if they differ by exactly s in at least one coordinate and differ in at least two coordinates (Brakensiek et al. 2022).

GeneralizedKellerGraph

The generalized Keller graph with parameters n and s is denoted G_(n,s), or Gamma_n^s after the notation Gamma_d^k of Łysakowska (2023). Its vertex set therefore has (2s)^n elements. The ordinary n-dimensional Keller graph G_n is the special case G_(n,2).

Special cases, including the natural boundary cases with n=1 or s=1, are summarized in the following table.

For n,s>=2, generalized Keller graphs are vertex-transitive and regular, with vertex degree (2s)^n-(2s-1)^n-n. Their chromatic number is 2^n, and their independence number is s^n for s>=3. In addition, Łysakowska (2023) proved that all generalized Keller graphs are Hamiltonian and class 1.

Corrádi and Szabó (1990) introduced the graphs G_(n,s) to give a convenient finite graph-theoretic formulation of Keller's conjecture, translating the search for face-sharing-free periodic cube tilings into a clique problem. A clique in G_(n,s) has size at most 2^n, and one attaining this bound gives a face-sharing-free tiling of n-dimensional space. It therefore disproves Keller's conjecture in dimension n and all higher dimensions. Łysakowska (2023) later used the term generalized Keller graph for the family and studied its graph-theoretic properties.

For the remaining seven-dimensional case, Brakensiek et al. (2022) encoded the clique search as a satisfiability problem and used symmetry breaking to prove that none of G_(7,3), G_(7,4), and G_(7,6) contains a clique of size 128. This settled Keller's conjecture by proving it in dimension seven.

Generalized Keller graphs will be implemented in a future version of the Wolfram Language as GraphData[{"GeneralizedKeller", {n, s}}].


See also

Keller Graph, Keller's Conjecture, Maximum Clique

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References

Brakensiek, J.; Heule, M. J. H.; Mackey, J.; and Narváez, D. E. "The Resolution of Keller's Conjecture." J. Automated Reasoning 66, 277-300, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10817-022-09623-5.Corrádi, K. and Szabó, S. "A Combinatorial Approach for Keller's Conjecture." Periodica Mathematica Hungarica. Journal of the János Bolyai Math. Soc. 21, 95-100, 1990.Łysakowska, M. "Generalized Keller Graph." Azerbaijan J. Math. 13, 110-119, 2023. https://doi.org/10.59849/2218-6816.2023.2.110.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Generalized Keller Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GeneralizedKellerGraph.html

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