A decomposition of the diagonal is a Chow ring identity expressing the diagonal of a smooth projective algebraic
variety
of dimension
, over an algebraically
closed field, as
where
and
is an algebraic cycle of dimension
supported on
for a proper closed set
.
The equality is in
with integer coefficients,
modulo rational equivalence, not merely in
cohomology or with rational coefficients (Voisin 2017).
For smooth projective varieties over an algebraically closed field, being a rational variety, a stably rational variety, or a retract rational variety implies a decomposition of the diagonal (Hotchkiss 2026). Therefore, failure of such a decomposition obstructs all three properties.