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Hypersurface


A hypersurface is a generalization of an ordinary two-dimensional surface embedded in three-dimensional space to an (n-1)-dimensional surface embedded in n-dimensional space. Locally, a smooth hypersurface can be written as the regular level set

 f(x_1,...,x_n)=0

where the gradient of f does not vanish, and so it has codimension one. For instance, the (n-1)-dimensional hypersphere S^(n-1) in R^n corresponds to the equation x_1^2+...+x_n^2=1.

Hotchkiss (2026) reported that a very general projective hypersurface of degree at least 5 and positive dimension, over an uncountable algebraically closed field of field characteristic different from 2, has no decomposition of the diagonal. Consequently, it is neither a stably rational variety nor a retract rational variety. Here very general excludes a countable union of proper closed subsets of the parameter space. Hotchkiss (2026) credits ChatGPT 6 Astra with the final construction and most proof arguments. He states that he wrote the details and is responsible for the paper's correctness.

Complex analytic hypersurfaces also include singular zero sets of holomorphic functions. At the origin, a reduced defining germ has multiplicity equal to the least total degree of its nonzero terms. The Zariski multiplicity conjecture concerns whether a homeomorphism of the ambient pair germs preserves that integer.


See also

Complete Intersection, Cubic Fourfold, Germ, Hypersphere, Milnor Fiber, Milnor Number, Multiplicity, Surface, Zariski Multiplicity Conjecture

Portions of this entry contributed by Todd Rowland

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References

Hotchkiss, J. "The Rationality Problem for Hypersurfaces of Degree at Least Five." 7 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10509.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Hypersurface

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W., with contributions by Todd Rowland. "Hypersurface." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hypersurface.html

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