The cup product is a product on cohomology classes. In the case of de Rham cohomology,
a cohomology class can be represented by a closed form. The cup product of and
is represented by the closed
form
,
where
is the wedge
product of differential forms. On an oriented closed
manifold, the cup product corresponds under Poincaré
duality to intersection of homology
classes.
For singular cohomology with coefficients in a commutative ring, the cup product is a map
which satisfies ,
where
is the
th cohomology group (Hatcher
2002, p. 210).