The Császár polyhedron is a polyhedron that is topologically equivalent to a torus which was discovered
in the late 1940s by Ákos Császár (Gardner 1975). It has 7 polyhedron vertices, 14 faces, and 21 polyhedron
edges, and is the dual polyhedron of the Szilassi polyhedron.
The skeleton of the Császár polyhedron, illustrated above, is isomorphic to the complete
graph
.
Rather surprisingly, the graph of the Császár polyhedron's skeleton
and its dual graph can be used to find Steiner
triple systems (Gardner 1975).
The figure above shows how to construct the Császár polyhedron.
Its triangular faces, edges, and vertices form a simplicial
complex that is a neighborly triangulation
of the torus. This is its boundary
complex in the sense of a polyhedral surface. It is not the boundary
complex of a three-dimensional convex polytope,
whose boundary is homeomorphic
to a sphere. Since the torus
is orientable, this is also a tight triangulation
over every field (Kühnel and Lutz 2000).
See also
Boundary Complex,
Neighborly Triangulation,
Szilassi Polyhedron,
Tight Triangulation,
Toroidal
Polyhedron
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References
Császár, Á. "A Polyhedron without Diagonals." Acta Sci. Math. 13, 140-142, 1949-1950.Gardner,
M. "Mathematical Games: On the Remarkable Császár Polyhedron and
Its Applications in Problem Solving." Sci. Amer. 232, 102-107,
May 1975.Gardner, M. "The Császár Polyhedron."
Ch. 11 in Time
Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments. New York: W. H. Freeman,
pp. 139-152, 1988.Gardner, M. Fractal
Music, Hypercards, and More: Mathematical Recreations from Scientific American Magazine.
New York: W. H. Freeman, pp. 118-120, 1992.Hart, G. "Toroidal
Polyhedra." https://www.georgehart.com/virtual-polyhedra/toroidal.html.Kühnel,
W. and Lutz, F. H. "A Census of Tight Triangulations." Period.
Math. Hungar. 39, 161-183, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004807427002.Referenced
on Wolfram|Alpha
Császár Polyhedron
Cite this as:
Weisstein, Eric W. "Császár Polyhedron."
From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/CsaszarPolyhedron.html
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