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Boxicity


The boxicity of a finite simple graph G is the least nonnegative integer d for which G is the intersection graph of axis-parallel closed boxes in R^d. A box is a Cartesian product of d closed intervals. By convention, complete graphs have boxicity zero (Chandran et al. 2026).

Equivalently, boxicity is the least number of interval graphs on the same vertex set whose edge sets have intersection E(G). Each coordinate of a box representation supplies an interval graph, and taking their common edges recovers G (Chandran et al. 2026). In particular, noncomplete interval graphs have boxicity 1.

For Kneser graphs K(n,k) with k>=2 and n>=2k+1, Chandran and Sahoo (2026) proved the lower bound box(K(n,k))>=n-2k.


See also

Intersection Graph, Interval Graph, Kneser Graph

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References

Chandran, L. S.; Francis, M. C.; and Sahoo, S. K. "A Survey on the Boxicity and Cubicity of Graphs." Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 57, 4-38, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13226-025-00893-4.Chandran, L. S. and Sahoo, S. K. "New Bounds on the Boxicity of Kneser Graphs." 12 Nov 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.17183v1.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Boxicity." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Boxicity.html

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