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The rank of a graph G is defined as r(G)=n-c, where n is the number of vertices on G and c is the number of connected components (Biggs 1993, p. 25).

A section of a graph obtained by finding its intersection with a plane.

The skewness of a graph G is the minimum number of edges whose removal results in a planar graph (Harary 1994, p. 124). The skewness is sometimes denoted mu(G) (Cimikowski ...

Graph smoothing, also known as smoothing away or smoothing out, is the process of replacing edges e^'=v_iv_j and e^('')=v_jv_k incident at a vertex v_j of vertex degree 2 by ...

The set of graph eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix is called the spectrum of the graph. (But note that in physics, the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of a graph are ...

The square of a graph is defined as its second graph power. The square of any biconnected graph is Hamiltonian (Fleischner 1974, Skiena 1990, p. 231). Mukhopadhyay (1967) has ...

There are several definitions of the strength of a graph. Harary and Palmer (1959) and Harary and Palmer (1973, p. 66) define the strength of a tree as the maximum number of ...

The graph strong product, also known as the graph AND product or graph normal product, is a graph product variously denoted G□AdjustmentBox[x, BoxMargins -> {{-0.65, ...

An edge subdivision is the insertion of a new vertex v_j in the middle of an exiting edge e=v_iv_k accompanied by the joining of the original edge endpoints with the new ...

The graph sum of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the sum of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph sum is defined when the orders of G and H are ...