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The n-crown graph for an integer n>=3 is the graph with vertex set {x_0,x_1,...,x_(n-1),y_0,y_1,...,y_(n-1)} (1) and edge set {(x_i,y_j):0<=i,j<=n-1,i!=j}. (2) It is ...

A plane quartic curve also called the cross curve or policeman on point duty curve (Cundy and Rollett 1989). It is given by the implicit equation x^2y^2-b^2x^2-a^2y^2=0, (1) ...

Two bits or half a nibble. Since a crumb encodes values from 0 to 2^2-1=3, it can conveniently be represented using single quaternary digit. However, the term "crumb" is ...

A crunode, also known as an ordinary double point, of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself so that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. ...

The science of breaking codes, which is one part of cryptology.

A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...

A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...

The science of adversarial information protection.

Cryptology is the science of making and breaking secure codes. It consists of cryptography, the science of making secure codes, and cryptanalysis, the science of breaking ...

The crystallographic point groups are the point groups in which translational periodicity is required (the so-called crystallography restriction). There are 32 such groups, ...