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The zenith angle is an angle measured from the z-axis in spherical coordinates, denoted phi in this work. It is also known as the polar angle and colatitude.

Zeno's paradoxes are a set of four paradoxes dealing with counterintuitive aspects of continuous space and time. 1. Dichotomy paradox: Before an object can travel a given ...

The Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms are the basis for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. In the following (Jech 1997, p. 1), exists stands for exists, forall means for all, in stands for ...

A version of set theory which is a formal system expressed in first-order predicate logic. Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory is based on the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms. ...

The version of set theory obtained if Axiom 6 of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory is replaced by 6'. Selection axiom (or "axiom of subsets"): for any set-theoretic formula A(u), ...

The Zernike polynomials are a set of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the expansion of a wavefront function for optical systems with circular pupils. The odd and even ...

A zero-sum game is a game in which players make payments only to each other. In such a game, one player's loss is the other player's gain, so the total amount of "money" ...

A zero-symmetric graph is a vertex-transitive cubic graph whose edges are partitioned into three orbits by its automorphism group. The figures above show some small ...

Zero is the integer denoted 0 that, when used as a counting number, means that no objects are present. It is the only integer (and, in fact, the only real number) that is ...

A nonzero element x of a ring for which x·y=0, where y is some other nonzero element and the multiplication x·y is the multiplication of the ring. A ring with no zero ...